Russian scientists develop magnetic nanoparticles for non-invasive brain therapy

Researchers from Tomsk Polytechnic University (TPU) have developed biocompatible nanoparticles capable of stimulating brain neurones using weak magnetic fields, offering a foundation for non-invasive treatment of neurological conditions. The breakthrough was achieved as part of an international scientific collaboration.

Modern neuromodulation techniques typically rely on implanted metal electrodes, which may affect tissue integrity and require surgical procedures. As an alternative, scientists are exploring magnetoelectric nanoparticles that can interact with neural cells without direct physical intervention.

According to the  official website of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis method, the team created nanoparticles measuring less than 30 nanometres. These consist of a superparamagnetic manganese ferrite core and a lead-free barium titanate shell. By adjusting synthesis parameters such as temperature, alkali concentration and reaction time, researchers were able to precisely control the structure and properties of the particles.

"Thanks to a special synthesis technique, we have learnt how to precisely tune the properties of the shell. This has allowed us to enhance the magnetoelectric effect – the ability to convert a magnetic field into an electrical signal that a nerve cell 'understands'," explained Roman Chernozem, Head of the research project and associate professor at the Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences at TPU.

Experimental results showed that nanoparticles synthesised at 185°C delivered the strongest performance, tripling calcium ion influx in neurones and activating 20 per cent more nerve cells compared to other variants.

Roman Surmenev, Director of the International Research Center of Piezo and Magnetoelectric Materials at TPU, noted that the nanoparticles demonstrated full biocompatibility at therapeutic concentrations. The technology can be adapted for a range of clinical applications, including pain management, post-stroke recovery, and the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Further in vivo studies are expected to advance its practical implementation.