Russian scientists identify optimal method for producing biofuel from wood and plant waste

Researchers from Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, a partner of TV BRICS, in collaboration with Kazan National Research Technological University, have identified the most effective conditions for producing bioethanol from woody and plant-based raw materials offering a more efficient approach to sustainable fuel production.

According to the official website of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the study highlights steam explosion as the most effective method for processing biomass, including pine wood and wheat straw. This technique involves treating raw materials with high-pressure saturated steam, significantly improving their chemical reactivity and suitability for further processing.

During experiments, biomass was exposed to temperatures of 165°C and 210°C. The results showed that steam treatment accelerates the breakdown of complex organic structures, increasing the release of soluble carbohydrates required for fermentation. In treated pine samples, the release rate of these compounds increased by up to 2.5 times compared with untreated material.

Researchers also found that higher-temperature processing reduces the presence of unwanted by-products that can slow ethanol production, thereby improving overall efficiency.

The method produces a highly reactive fibrous material with a large surface area, enhancing subsequent conversion into bioethanol. According to the team’s estimates, up to 200 kilograms of ethanol can be obtained from one tonne of wood, while one tonne of dry straw can yield up to 140 kilograms.

Experts believe bioethanol derived from plant-based raw materials can serve both as a standalone renewable fuel and as an additive to conventional fuels, improving their environmental performance.