G20 leaders adopt summit’s final declaration
The Group of Twenty countries agree on joint action in global policy
At the summit in Johannesburg, the leaders of the Group of Twenty (G20) adopted a final declaration outlining the key areas of international cooperation. The document formalises agreements on a wide range of issues – from combating inequality to ensuring sustainable supplies of mineral resources.
Commitment to the UN Sustainable Development Goals for 2030 has been reaffirmed. The declaration notes that structural reforms are necessary to ensure sustainable economic growth. Particular attention is paid to the reform of international financial institutions and support for developing countries.
The countries endorsed the goal of tripling renewable energy capacity. The document emphasises the importance of mobilising investment in technologies and infrastructure for the energy transition, which aligns with the agenda of other international groups, including BRICS.
The leaders reaffirmed the importance of creating “a fair and sustainable digital economy that is centred on human beings and their development”. The declaration underscores the need to reform the World Trade Organisation (WTO) to improve its functioning.
As noted in an exclusive comment by economist Xanti Phayi, reforms of international financial institutions may ensure a higher level of inclusivity.
“[...] That decisions are not made for Africa or the countries of the Global South, but together with them. [...] For example, if we look at the IMF (International Monetary Fund – Ed.) and the World Bank, they have traditionally been led by representatives of major powers. The question is how to ensure that leadership positions are also taken by representatives of other countries who can bring their own perspectives, characteristic of their region of the world, and promote its interests,” he added.
The Group of Twenty summit is being held in Johannesburg on 22–23 November under the motto “Solidarity, Equality and Sustainable Development”.
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![Vladimir Putin]()
Vladimir PutinPresident of Russia"We are developing mutual trade, which is growing; it increased by over 12 per cent last year. We have a joint commission working in this sphere. Our focus is on agriculture, shipbuilding, information technology and energy, including nuclear power. We have signed a free trade agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union and Indonesia. Jakarta is our reliable and old friend within ASEAN. We are working together at all international platforms, including the UN" -
![Vladimir Putin]()
Vladimir PutinPresident of Russia"More and more Iranian students are choosing Russian education. We are very pleased about this. A great many future doctors are studying in Russia. In the 2025–2026 academic year, the number of Iranian students in Russia approached 10,000, with 802 of them studying at the expense of the Russian state budget" -
![Xi Jinping]()
Xi JinpingPresident of the People’s Republic of China"The foundation of our bilateral relations will only grow stronger, and we will confidently move forward to a better future. […] The striving of nations on our planet for peace, development, cooperation and mutual benefit remains unchanged. The vital mission of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation is to maintain stability and promote the development of our region" -
![Alisher Salomov]()
Alisher SalomovAdviser to the Chairman of the National Committee for Ecology and Climate Change of the Republic of Uzbekistan"First and foremost, I would like to highlight the importance of this Central Asia–Russia initiative, because environmental problems know no borders, and only a shared understanding of these problems and the search for joint solutions can deliver positive results" -
![Joao Paulo Capobianco]()
Joao Paulo CapobiancoBrazilian Minister of the Environment and Climate Change"The BRICS countries have a very high level of responsibility because they share an important part of the world's biodiversity, landscapes, populations, food production and water resources. So, we have an opportunity to lead by example. We have our development bank, which can demonstrate and develop new ways of financing programmes. We can reduce the risks for private capital to invest in restoration and efforts to combat desertification"
