Aralkum desert emerges as new ecosystem with diverse birdlife in Uzbekistan

A new desert ecosystem, known as the Aralkum, has formed on the dried seabed of the Aral Sea, where scientists have identified 91 bird species, according to the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The findings highlight the development of a distinct ecological environment shaped by long-term natural and anthropogenic processes, according to Kazinform, a partner of TV BRICS.

Researchers note that the region has become one of the largest human-influenced desert areas, covering more than 60,000 square kilometres of former wetlands. As the Aral Sea gradually receded, the landscape transformed into dry land, creating new conditions that have influenced climate patterns, soil composition, and biodiversity.

Comprehensive studies of bird populations are being carried out as part of an applied research project focused on the current state of the Aralkum’s avifauna and species adaptation.

Fieldwork conducted in the Muynak district of Karakalpakstan involved surveys across 68 sites, combining Geographic Information System (GIS)-based analysis using technology with route observations covering a total of 140 kilometres. Researchers identified six main habitat types, including saline, sandy, rocky, and clay desert zones; elevated formations; and aquatic areas.

The study recorded 91 bird species across 12 orders and 26 families, including 13 species listed in Uzbekistan’s Red Book, with several also recognised under international conservation frameworks such as the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). Scientists emphasise that the data will support long-term monitoring, help identify key habitats and contribute to biodiversity preservation strategies in the region.