Russian scientists develop microchannel sensor to detect early signs of ageing

Scientists in St. Petersburg have developed a high-precision microchannel sensor capable of detecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) – key biomarkers associated with ageing and the development of cardiovascular and neurological diseases – with up to two times greater accuracy than conventional analytical methods.

The research introduces a microfluidic device designed to significantly improve the speed, sensitivity and reliability of oxidative stress assessment, as reported by the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Reactive oxygen species accumulate in the human body due to factors such as smoking, air pollution, alcohol consumption and chronic disease. In excessive concentrations, they damage proteins and DNA, triggering oxidative stress – a process linked to accelerated ageing and an increased risk of cancer, as well as age-related disorders affecting the brain, heart and blood vessels. Early and precise measurement of ROS levels is therefore critical for preventive medicine and timely intervention.

Conventional detection methods rely on the chemiluminescent reaction between ROS and luminol. However, the emitted signal is typically weak, requiring substantial volumes of reagents and, in some cases, scarce biological samples. Manual reagent dosing and slow internal mixing also prolong analysis time and reduce precision.

To overcome these limitations, researchers engineered a compact microfluidic chip featuring specially structured microchannels that rapidly fragment and mix liquids.

Using advanced numerical modelling to optimise channel geometry, the team ensured accelerated mixing and real-time luminescence detection within fractions of a second, using a sample volume smaller than a drop of water.

Experimental results demonstrated that the new system measures ROS concentrations 1.5–2 times more accurately than classical approaches, where prolonged reaction times and uneven mixing introduce measurement errors. In addition to improved precision, the device enables continuous monitoring of reaction dynamics – opening new opportunities for both fundamental chemical research and pharmaceutical applications.