Russian researchers unveil breakthrough design to extend lifespan of next-generation solar cells

Russian scientists at National Research University "MPEI" have introduced an innovative engineering solution designed to significantly extend the operational life of next-generation solar cells. The development targets dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSC), a third-generation photovoltaic technology seen as a promising alternative to conventional silicon panels.

The research team has proposed the use of specially designed current collectors equipped with integrated microchannels. These microchannels enable controlled circulation of the liquid electrolyte inside the solar cell, helping to stabilise performance over time and reduce material degradation – one of the key limitations of DSSC technology.

Dye-sensitised solar cells operate by using an organic dye to absorb sunlight and release electrons. These electrons pass into a semiconductor layer, typically based on titanium dioxide, before flowing into an external electrical circuit. The electrolyte positioned between the electrodes regenerates the dye by restoring lost electrons, ensuring continuous energy conversion.

While DSSC devices offer notable advantages – including lower production costs, adjustable transparency and colour, strong performance in low-light conditions, and compatibility with flexible substrates – their wider deployment has been constrained by durability challenges and electrolyte stability.

According to the official website of the university, the innovation could accelerate the integration of DSSC modules into building facades, windows and other architectural structures, expanding the role of solar generation in urban infrastructure.