Neolithic site Chogha Golan reveals new insights into early agriculture in Iran

The Neolithic site of Chogha Golan, located at the foothills of the Zagros Mountains in Iran’s Ilam province, has yielded remarkable discoveries during its second season of excavations. The project sheds light on early human settlement patterns and the origins of agriculture, as reported by Tehran Times, a partner of TV BRICS.

This season’s excavations focused on horizontal exploration, unearthing well-preserved mudbrick structures, angled rooms with gypsum-plastered floors, and evidence of early gypsum production. These findings offer invaluable insights into Neolithic architecture and early industrial activities.

According to the archaeology team, Chogha Golan is a pioneering site in the agricultural revolution within Iran and the broader Zagros region. The team noted its potential to evolve into a cultural heritage landmark, with plans underway to establish an open-air museum and research centre and eventually pursue UNESCO World Heritage designation.

Notably, Chogha Golan provides the earliest evidence of domesticated emmer wheat, dating to around 9,800 years ago. Archaeobotanical remains from the site underscore long-term plant management practices and early cultivation efforts.

The site’s semi-arid environment supported a lifestyle based on hunting and the use of wild plants, marking a critical stage in humanity’s transition from foraging to farming.

Continued systematic research at Chogha Golan is expected to deepen understanding of early village life and agriculture in the Zagros Mountains, the source claims.

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