Iranian researchers develop breakthrough nanotechnology for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment

Researchers at the University of Tehran have developed an innovative nanotechnology-based solution capable of removing antibiotic contaminants from industrial wastewater with exceptional efficiency, marking a significant step forward in sustainable environmental protection, as reported by Mehr News Agency, a TV BRICS partner.

The research team successfully synthesised a novel nanocomposite photocatalyst that uses visible light to break down hazardous pharmaceutical pollutants, including the widely used antibiotic tetracycline. Laboratory tests demonstrated that the technology can eliminate more than 92 per cent of antibiotic residues from wastewater, offering a promising approach to addressing one of the growing environmental challenges associated with pharmaceutical contamination.

According to the scientists, antibiotic residues released into water systems have become an increasing concern worldwide due to their impact on ecosystems and their contribution to antimicrobial resistance. The newly developed material was specifically engineered to enhance the absorption of visible light and accelerate the degradation of harmful compounds.

The advanced nanocomposite combines zinc oxide with specialised nanostructures to create a highly efficient heterojunction system. Detailed analyses confirmed that the material significantly improves light absorption and charge separation, two key factors that determine photocatalytic performance.

Under optimal operating conditions, the photocatalyst achieved a degradation rate of 92.5 per cent for tetracycline within two hours of visible-light exposure. Researchers noted that conventional zinc oxide materials show only limited effectiveness under similar conditions, highlighting the importance of the newly designed structure.

One of the most notable advantages of the technology is its operational stability. The photocatalyst can be recovered and reused across multiple treatment cycles while maintaining high efficiency, reducing costs and improving its suitability for large-scale environmental applications.

Further investigation into the degradation process revealed that the nanocomposite is capable of breaking down complex antibiotic molecules into less harmful substances, helping to minimise environmental risks associated with pharmaceutical waste.

Scientists believe the achievement could contribute to the development of next-generation wastewater treatment systems for hospitals, pharmaceutical facilities and industrial sites. The innovation also strengthens efforts to create sustainable domestic technologies for water purification and environmental protection.