China discovers rare-earth lunar minerals in Chang’e-5 samples

China has announced the discovery of two previously unknown lunar minerals in samples returned by the Chang'e-5 mission, reports Global Times, a partner of TV BRICS.

The findings were unveiled at the opening of China Space Day, with both minerals officially recognised by the International Mineralogical Association. Named magnesiochangesite-(Y) and changesite-(Ce), they are the second and third lunar minerals identified by Chinese researchers and among only a handful ever confirmed globally.

Scientists report that both minerals belong to the rare-earth phosphate category and are embedded within lunar dust. Despite their microscopic size – measuring just a few micrometres – their crystal structures are entirely unique, with no direct equivalents found on Earth. Their composition provides new insights into the Moon’s geological evolution and internal processes.

Magnesiochangesite-(Y), identified by a research team from the Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology, forms tiny column-like crystals typically found in basalt fragments. Researchers describe the discovery process as highly complex, involving the analysis of tens of thousands of particles before isolating a single crystal suitable for study.

The second mineral, changesite-(Ce), was discovered by scientists from the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences. It is characterised by a high concentration of cerium, a light rare-earth element, and has been identified in Chang’e-5 samples.

Experts note that the composition of these minerals differs from those found in samples collected during the Apollo programme, suggesting variations in the Moon’s magmatic evolution and the distribution of rare-earth elements. This distinction offers new evidence of the complex processes that have shaped the lunar surface over time.

Beyond their scientific importance, the newly identified minerals may also have practical implications. Their rare-earth composition provides valuable data for assessing the Moon’s resource potential, while certain physical properties – including luminescent characteristics – could inform future materials research.