Russian chemists create magnetic fluid for tumour diagnosis and treatment
The material heats up under the influence of a magnetic field and accelerates oxidative reactions like a natural enzyme
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Photo source: FabrikaCr / iStock
Scientists from Sirius University, together with colleagues from Moscow and foreign specialists, have developed a magnetic fluid based on water and nanoparticles made of cobalt and iron oxides. This was reported by BelTA, a TV BRICS partner, citing the Russian Science Foundation.
Under the influence of a magnetic field, the solution quickly heats up and accelerates oxidative reactions similarly to a natural peroxidase enzyme. This makes it possible to use the fluid for selective heating of cancer cells and as an artificial enzyme in laboratory analyses.
Magnetic particles usually tend to clump together and lose their properties. To prevent this, scientists use chemical “coatings” that make the particles toxic to living cells. The authors of the development proposed a method for producing non-toxic fluids based on water and “pure” nanoparticles without the addition of stabilising agents, polymers or acids. To obtain high-quality colloidal systems and reduce the amount of impurities, the scientists used ultrasonic irradiation.
The most stable solutions were obtained when the amount of cobalt in the nanoparticles was 2.3–9 times lower than that of iron. The strongest temperature increase occurs in particles containing 6.5–9 times less cobalt than iron. This composition is considered the most promising for tumour treatment. In addition, nanoparticles with a high cobalt content are capable of carrying out peroxide-based oxidative reactions, which are performed by peroxidase enzymes in nature. This will be useful for developing biosensors and test systems for diagnosing oncological and infectious diseases.
“The material we have developed will, of course, primarily be of interest to other scientists and professionals working in chemical engineering, materials science and nanotechnology. Such highly stable nanoparticle solutions can be used to replace expensive enzymes in the creation of biosensors or contrast agents for MRI,” said the project leader, Candidate of Chemical Sciences and Senior Researcher at Sirius University Andrey Drozdov.
It is noted that magnetic fluids are increasingly being used in medicine and biotechnology. These are metal-based nanoparticles or their oxides placed in water that respond to magnetic fields. With their help, nanoparticles can be moved through the body to deliver medicines. If such particles are directed towards a tumour and then heated using the same field, cancer cells can be destroyed without harming healthy tissues.
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