Tehran researchers develops light-activated cancer therapy

Researchers at the University of Tehran have developed an innovative light-activated nanocatalyst that significantly improves the targeted destruction of skin cancer cells, marking a potential step forward in precision oncology and nanomedicine-based therapies, reports Pars Today, a TV BRICS partner.

The study focuses on a smart nanostructure based on graphitic carbon nitride, modified with platinum, chitosan and iron ions. According to the research team, the engineered nanoparticles demonstrate enhanced anti-cancer activity under visible light irradiation. The system increases the production of highly reactive radicals that damage cancer cells while simultaneously generating reactive oxygen and hydrogen species that disrupt tumour cell function.

Experimental results show that the nanocomposite exhibits strong efficacy against melanoma cells, with significantly higher destructive performance under light exposure compared with dark conditions. Researchers also reported that the incorporation of chitosan improves both biocompatibility and structural stability of the nanomaterial.

The study further highlights the use of a photofenton reaction mechanism, which amplifies the generation of reactive oxygen species. This process increases oxidative stress within cancer cells, ultimately leading to their breakdown. In parallel, hydrogen production interferes with mitochondrial activity and reduces the energy supply required for tumour growth.

Scientists involved in the project noted that the light-responsive system also affects cellular energy metabolism by disrupting ATP production, further weakening cancer cell viability.

The results suggest that light-driven nanotechnology could offer a new direction for cancer treatment strategies, enabling more targeted therapies that minimise damage to healthy tissues while improving treatment precision.

Experts believe that the development adds to growing global research into photodynamic and nanotechnology-based cancer therapies, which aim to combine external stimuli such as light with engineered materials to achieve selective tumour destruction.